HBR case

While MS gained the biggest share in SO market, it could not achieve the same dominance in PC applications. The organization of Office production line Unit (BOB) in MS had departments that were functionally independent. Ms initial software using was at a large part decided by technicians who are desirous in programming but less focused on user experience. In mid asses, they formally introduced program focussing into he development of new products.The project/tech deuce-ace, program manager, product manager, online/print-based lead and localization lead worked together in a cohesive endeavor for the office product. Although MS boasted its baseborn company style which had small teams work together, the problem between product managers and developers was they didnt cooperate very closely. Lack of communication and mutual understanding, they both acted in their consume ways. Since Ms culture was people know what they are doing and will try to do the right thing, they didnt make e nough effort to fix it.The development of Word for Windows was coffin nail schedule when it first started. The requirements included too many features regarding the interface and integration with other applications, e. G. Database, spreadsheet, data protection etc. And frequent changes of management, e. G. The absence of technical lead had prolonged the development process. Besides, pressure on the schedule made it even more difficult for engineers to assure quality of the product. Although facing these difficulties, the program finally ideal successfully.The market condition was also favorable to the Windrow since the product had fewer bug than expected and its competitors products were still under development. Ideas for improving product development in process, management and develop strategies came up based on the postmortem of BOB office development. It is now a consensus that more structured process, especially an early specification, and clear phases for material body and i mplementation would help MS stick to the schedule. Some managers at MS contend that lack of control and focus in management was the major weak-point.I cannot solely agree with that, because if we need the teams to stay small and agile, there are definitely tradeoffs in management control. Last but not the least, it is also said that development strategy has been unsatisfactory for Word development. The share of code between products of different platform was difficult in the initial phases of development, but I dont think we should tap too much on OBI-GS development strategy since they were already aware of the problem. If they decided to deal with this problem, the release of Word would be even later, and it would probably brought them into adverse market conditions.

Marketing Research Report Essay

Irresponsible clement race behaviours are impacting the environment. on that pointfore, environmental concern groups and likewise the g all overnments around the world are trying to do something hoping to transplant peoples attitude towards environmentally pally issues. This report intentions at predicting the factors that motivate consumers to engage in environmentally friendly purchase behaviours. Convenience sampling of non-probability techniques was used to collect data. The data collected was and so analysed by regression summary, t-test and ANOVA. It was found out that political and technological factors have a positive blood with environmental concern while success or anthropocentric have a negative relationship with environmental concern. Furthermore, environmental concern has a positive relationship with direct and indirect environmentally friendly behaviour and willingness to pay for environmentally friendly purchase behaviour. However, the relationships were non strong. Therefore, it is recommended that a further, more in-depth inquiry should be conducted to find out the substantial factors that take consumers environmentally friendly purchase behaviour.1. Introduction and Background1.1 splendour of the questionIn recent years, there were one after another blockbusting environmental related movie, for instances, The day After Tomorrow in 2004, An Inconvenient Truth in 2006 and 2012 in 2009. These popular movies have doubtlessly increase peoples awareness towards climate change issues. According to World Wide computer memory for Nature (2010), the average temperatures on earth have warmed by about 0.76 degree Celsius over the past 2 centuries (WWF, 2010). The increases in temperature make huge changes for the worlds climate even legal opinion the temperature rise seems insignificantly small. Researches after researches show that this environmental problem is primarily caused by irresponsible human activities like private consumption. A s a result, it is necessary for us to educate and raise the awareness of the publics so that environmental problems will not be worsening. This quantifiable research is found on the collective findings of the soft exploratory research conducted earlier to investigate whether or not consumers engage in environmental amity when making consumption decisions more thoroughly. 1.2 ScopeThe scope of the report is to find out the factors that may affect consumers environmentally friendly behaviour through the qualitative research, so that marketers may make meaningful decisions based on the data collected. This research will also provide recommendations to green organisations and the federal government on how to address the environmentally unfriendly purchase behaviour. 1.3 Research problemA research problem should executable and clear. The research problem of this research is to predict motivations that may affect consumers environmentally friendly purchase behaviour.1.4 Aims and Objec tivesThe aim and objective of this research is to look for differences between samples and come up with a conclusion. This research also aims at testing twain main groups of hypotheses. 1) Social beliefs, materialism will have a negative relationship with environmental concern * The social beliefs include technological belief, political belief, economy belief, anthropocentric belief and tilt belief. * Materialism includes success, centrality and happiness. 2) Environmental concern has positive indirect behaviour, willingness to pay, direct behaviour2. Methodology2.1 Methodological considerations and assumptionsThis research, quantitative research, was based on the data gather from a qualitative exploratory research which was carried out previously. The utilisation of qualitative exploratory research is to narrow and clarify the scope and nature of the research problem. Exploratory research helps researchers understand the research problem and then trans striving ambiguous problem into well-defined ones. From the quantitative research, two groups of variables, namely materialism and social values, were identified. Thisquantitative research was conducted to find out which variables may have a stronger relationship with the dependent variables which are mentioned in section 1.4. 2.2 Sample considerationsThe target audiences of this research are any(prenominal) people live in Australia and are accountable for making purchase decisions. Respondents should understand English and be 18 years old or above. However, gender, marital status and educational level of respondents are not restricted in this research. 2.3 Data collection and framework, and analytical considerations Research was conducted through survey as a follow on from exploratory research conducted by face-to-face interview. This research was conducted by using a written questionnaire on a convenience sample. Convenience sampling, which is one of the non-probability techniques, refers to sampling by o btaining the people or units that are most conveniently available (Zikmund, Ward, Lowe & Winzar, 2007). Convenience sampling is inexpensive and quick. 1022 surveys were collected, 449 male and 573 female respondents. Since this research was trying to find out relationships between factors rather than analysing changes in a same sample, cross-sectional analysis was used. 3. Ethical ConsiderationsIn a research, ethic is one of the very important items that could not be missed. morals in researches are important because it supports the objective of a research, such as knowledge, truth and avoidance of fault (Rensnik, 2010). Rensnik (2010) continues that ethics in a research is important also because it involves public privacy. As a result, followable consideration has to treat carefully in a research so that the research is ethical and considerable. There are six ethical principles that have to be considered in a research according to American Marketing Association (2010), and they are responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency and citizenship. In other words, researchers have to be responsible for the consequences of their market decision they also have to judge a fair balance between consumers and sellers.Furthermore, researchers have to respect human rights of all respondents involving in the research process. Researchers also have to make every effort to top clearly with all respondents so to strive for a high transparency of the research. Last but not least,contributing to the community such as providing good recommendations is also considered as ethical in a research. To address all the ethical considerations above, each respondent would be asked to sign an interview consent form (see Appendix A) before the start of the survey, indicating that the interviewees do not only understands the purpose and risk of this research, but also know where to go when they have any concerns or complaints regarding the conduct of the research.

Animal Slaughter

Animal slaughter is a necessary evil, b arely unfortunately with the fashion It Is carried out It Is repulsive. For as long as recorded history mankind has hunt down zoologys for survival and that practice continues today. The main use for an animal is for food this is the oldest and the most universal form of an animal. With advancements of the worlds civilization, animals were traded at markets and the owner would receive a payment for the animals value. This process continues today. Animals are sold for bangingr sums to corporations that will accordingly send the animal to a slaughterhouse and sell the fondness o a deliberate.Here customers purchase the meat at inflated prices. Around the globe meat from livestock animals Is a popular Item to jibe to onenesss plate for any meal. One could have beef, give birth, pork barrel, or blush cater, but how does this animal get from a place it once thought was its home to the customers table. The amount of focusing the anima l goes through in front the slaughter process is astonishing. supplys that are slaughtered regularly come from the racetrack where they were administered drugs before running a race. These drugs are toxic to humans If consumed.The health of an animal while It Is living In Its pen, cramped with many a(prenominal) of its own blood line is heartbreaking to see. The World Organization for Animal Health has overhauled established new regulations for slaughter, transfer of training and killing animals for affection control. The World Organization for Animal Health, also known as OWE, has developed basic standards that developed and growth countries now agree on. In addition to Oleos standards, each country has specific laws and standards of their own. OWE designed the flipper basic standards. One, the pctage of animals astonished on the iris attempt. Two, percentage rendered insensible prior to hoisting. Three, percentage that vocalizes (moo, bellow, or squeal) during faecal matter up the race and in the stunning box. Four, percentage that fall down, and five, percentage moved with an electric automobile twinge (Grand 56). An animal public assistance addling system that Is deemed good should have standards that prohibit bad practices, Like, dragging, dropping, throwing, punctilio, (which is a elegant knife or dagger utilise to cut the spinal cord. And hoisting live animals. Some examples of wellbeing misfortunes privy be measured with the outcomes is the percentage of animals that are underfed, lame, have lesions, bruising, missed their stuns before being slaughtered or savage down during handling. The examples given are outcomes of bad practices or unacceptable conditions (Grand 57). The standards are based on conditions that are the results of poor management, neglect, abuse of the animals, or poorly designed equipment. N. G.Gregory did a review on pigs, lambs and cattle age in transport, at a livestock market and in the slaughterhouse (befor e being slaughtered). numerous fleshly injuries mickle take place along with high stress levels. Gregory gives the world in his rearvas an big amount of examples of the animals welfare at the markets, during transport and at the magazine of slaughter. If animals have a high stress level, for pigs on that point is evidence that any type of strenuous exercise of CA stunning can work to old or stale tastes in pigs, poultry and fish.One study was make in Australia and the second in New Zealand. Over time we have learned from otherwise studies and experience certain breeds are much arduous to handle, for example, the Limousine, Red Borrow cattle and Text sheep (Gregory 3). It is now recommended that if working tit these breeds one is experienced and accustom to the handling procedures. This will make it easier for the animal and create less stress for the animal before the slaughter period. Unfortunately for any animal, as soon as it is loaded for transport it becomes stresse d.Sometimes it can even start earlier then this, during the study in Australia five out of thirteen lambs had pre-transport stress or were underfed (Gregory 2-11). A study was done on lambs in Spain during the transportation period by G. C. Miranda- De la genus Lama. This study that Miranda-De la Lama performed is also helpful to animals in the United States. Miranda-De la Lama helps explicate the stress created on lambs and how it can bargain with the animals welfare during transportation. When transporting animals it is usually a stressful process, especially for the animal.A study was done in Spain with lambs during transportation. This study mainly consisted of the handling of the animal before and after transporting. Specific categories were center on and surveyed, farmers, haulers, abattoirs (a slaughterhouse), and classification center (a temporary feedlot). A Journey of seventy- nine kilometers and average Journey time of seventy-four minutes was conducted. A questionnaire was created for all categories specified above. When preparing for transport lambs were normally separated from their freshman inclosure the day before being transported.They were also kept off their feed for five or more than hours before departing for slaughter. Many of the animals were maneuvered onto the transportation truck using plastic bags. Very few of the farms that the studies were done on did non usually have climate or environmental control or veterinarians present eyepatch the sheep were being loaded. Thankfully while lambs were being unloaded there is no reported application of sticks or electric rods. When lambs had arrived to the second farm for weight gain, they arrived weighing in at an average of 19. 6 keg, and departing at 25. 6 keg, with a stay period averaged at twenty-one days.That is rather revolting that someone can beef up an animal in a short time span. The lambs would be transported again to the slaughterhouse once the slaughter weight was met (Miran da-De la Lama 175). Many important points on the farm where the lamb is coming from incorporate poor loading facilities including not having a veterinary on site while the lambs are being loaded. Transportation can have a combination of many diametric stresses that can eve destructive effects on the lambs. Miranda-De la Lama states that there should be some dissever of installed payment plan that will be put into action.This would help agree to terms on transportation quality of the lambs directly for the welfare of the lamb (Miranda-De la Lama 178). All attempts should be made to help decrease the level of stress on any animal heading to the slaughterhouse. Careful planning should abattoirs take aim to have check communication to help create a smoother traveling system. Miranda-De la Lama states in her study that a decision support system to assure animal welfare crossways the board for any animal should be implemented to help reduce and prevent the different welfare risks (M iranda-De la Lama 178).All possibly ways to help reduce the amount of stress of an animal should be observed and rules set into place. Thankfully, some researchers have already put this to the test. Veronique Deeds performed a study on lambs to try to pinpoint where these animals become stressed. Today, public and consumers are concerned about the welfare of animals, mainly for the provocation of the animals that are going to be slaughtered. To elf reduce the stress of the animals during the slaughter period it is imperative to perceive the causes of stress for the animal. The slaughter process can represent different types of stress for every animal.When Deeds conducted this study, it was done on lambs on to determine profiles measured during rearing, plasma cortical levels in blood collected at assassinations (draining blood of the animal), and metabolic activity in the dead bodies muscle. Tests showed many differences in lambs muscles with lower pH levels produced in their meat . Even lambs that produced a high- pitched bleating had a higher(prenominal) muscle temperature. The more alert lambs had a higher pH after death compared to others. Any animal that has a higher pH level in the muscles before dying will not taste as good.These different tests of post mortem muscle metabolism and expressions of social distress predict stress during the slaughter period. Also social disturbances and the environment of the slaughterhouse charter major causes of stress (Deeds 193-202). Deeds cogitate in her study that lambs showed coherence in emotional responsiveness to different stressful conditions. In her current study, lambs slaughtered in a commercial abattoir, the lactating cortical levels at assassinations and post-mortem measurements of stress reactions had been related to the day of slaughter.Now, seeing how the lambs reacted on the day of slaughter, another study has been done on cows to see if it is possible to identify how the cows react to the slaughter procedure. A study on thirty-two Norman cows was done to see if it is possible to identify if cows reacted to the slaughter procedure. along with which factors contributed to stress during the pre-slaughter period. Many different tests proceeded with the cows to test behavioral and physiological activity. These tests consisted of but were not confine too, social separations, and human exposure.Tests showed that when cows saw other cows compared to having a human presence there was a stronger reaction. The cows heart rate elevated and spent more time in the exit zone. A stress-inducing atmosphere can have very negative repercussions for animal welfare and meat quality. The slaughter duration begins at the animals farm with the preparation of transport, and then ends at the moment of slaughtering the animals. Many of the cows might not become stressed to the same things as their fellow cows. All cows differ in their evaluation of stressful to the reactivity tests. Two slaughter sit uations were used. Limited Stress situation and an Added Stress situation were used on the cows (Burette 11). Each day two cows were put to slaughter from the same pen, one for each stress environment. A cow brought down the added stress situation had to maneuver through different hallways inside and outside, consistently hear banging from metals objects and was immediately slaughtered. A cow that was led through the confine stress situation was handled with a human and another cow was also being led. This cow perceive no banging of any kind, did not need to maneuver through different hallways, and was able to be calmer with another cow by its side.The cow with a limited stress evaluation was slaughter with a lower heart rate and a lower pH level in the muscles (Burette 11-12). Since Burette concluded his study many advancements have been made, but challenges do still exist. Temple Grand helps the U. S. Get an melodic theme of the progress and challenges in handling the animals d uring the slaughter process. In many slaughterhouses around the world serious animal abuse exists. Other than we re actually killing them for us to eat. Many restaurants have started auditing the U. S. Beef and pork slaughter plants.Surprisingly McDonalds has played a huge part in this. McDonalds made large improvements in the way people handle and stun the animal. McDonalds used five different measurements to start helping the way they handled and stunned the animal. One, the percentage of animals stunned on the first attempt. Two, percentage rendered insensible prior to hoisting. Three, percentage that vocalizes (moo, bellow, or squeal) during movement up the race and in the stunning box. Four, percentage that fall down, and five, percentage moved with an electric goad (Grand 129).Since 1996, before McDonalds began their audits, each average percentage grew. The most impressive developments were in beef. In 1996 the average first attempt to stun a cow was rated at eighty-nine poin t five percent. By 2003 it was ninety-eight point six percent. Even visualization has improved during stunning from 1996 was ten percent, in 2003 it was two percent (Grand 129). In 1996 and on a total of fifty plants were audited. Many of the plants were able to significantly improve welfare of the animal y improving stunner maintenance, installing non-slip floors and better training of the staff (Grand 131).Since we have created better standards for the animals well being in a slaughterhouse, we now have another challenge to face, drugs used on different animals. Nicholas Adman has helped the world understand more on the slaughter of race vaulting horses that were given medication known as Phenylalanine. Horse slaughter has had many attempts from animal rights activists to see the end of it. Last course alone there was about sixty seven million pounds sent across seas from the United States. Many drugs are used for horses while they are at work. The most common is known in the horse world as butt, Phenolphthalein by the vet.This is the most common used drug in the horse world. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The most common slaughter horse in the U. S. Is the Thoroughbred, most commonly known as racehorses. Butt is banned for any type of human consumption. It can cause serious and lethal unique harmful effects in humans. Tests have been done during race day to horses that were given butt and then sent U. S. Horses. In this case, it can create a serious health risk for the people who ingest reseat (Adman 1270-1284). Horses should not have to be slaughtered for any reason other then it is seriously injured.Sadly they are slaughtered for many other reasons. The American Association of Equine Practitioners helps the United States get a glimpse of what its all about. The Unwanted Horse in the U. S. Is an ongoing issue for many people. Tom Lend helps give the U. S. A glance of the issue. To many people horses are seen for their beauty, poise, and the Old West and are a cultural icon. This has made it very difficult for the unwanted horse issue and the decision of ending the life of a horse. Including in this debate the horse business will usually categorize a horse as livestock, where the public tends to categorize the horse as a companion.The unwanted horse came about in 2005, from the American Association of Equine Practitioners (APE) at a meeting in Washington D. C. These unwanted horses are defined as, those no longer wanted by their current owner because they are old, injured, sick, unmanageable, or fail to meet their owners expectations (Lend 253). This has become a very large issue in the U. S. Many horse rescue, adoption and retirement organizations have made a sanctified and vigorous effort to provide care, funding or suitable accommodations for unwanted horses over the years.

Supply and Demand- a Case Study Milk Price

The market deliver and fill curve above shows the milk monetary value support problem. In order to solve the milk overindulgencees in the market, the disposal should take the steps to increase the market consider to the milk products by exploring overseas markets. For instance, the politics should export the milk surpluses abroad. This would cut the footing of storage for milk products and encourages the local dairy farmers continue in dairy commercial enterprise. b. The littler dairy farmers would prefer the proposal 4 because it benefits them the most through the buyout program.This program encourages sm in every last(predicate) dairy farmers to switch from dairy business to other business. The rewards from government can be used as capital to start a new business. c. For consumers, they would prefer the proposal 2. Since the consumers are also the taxpayers, the dairy value support program is very costing to taxpayers. By eliminating the impairment support program, the consumers can enjoy the impose price of milk and the taxes to purchase unsold milk products can used to support other domestics goods that would be much benefits the consumers. d.The member of Congress who is concern about the eudaimonia of community will look with raise on the proposal 2. Since they investigated that the market for milk is a competitive market. Without the government intervention, the market equilibrium price for milk is set by the market strike and supply. For the benefits of consumers and taxpayers, they would enjoy a lower milk price than price floor. The problem of the farmers can be solved by increase the demand for dairy products, such as exports the milk surpluses abroad and promote the local brand of milk products to consumers. Question 2 a. When YED = 2,Income snap fastener of Demand, YED= Percentae change in measurement demandedPercentage change in income 2= ? Qd %12% ? Qd %=24 % The quantity demanded for own(prenominal) computer increases 2 4% as the customers income have risen by 12%. So, in order to meet my current inventory to the increase of quantity demanded by 24%, the price of individualised computer should be increased. When PED = 0. 5, Price Elasticity of Demand, PED= Percentage change in quantity demandedPercentage change in Price 0. 5= 24 %? Price % ? Price %=48 % ? The price of personal computer should be increase by 48% so that the quantity demanded will approximately equal my current inventory. . i. To moderate the price elasticity of demand, PED= ? Qd %? Price % PED=4. 3 %0. 25/1. 25? 100 PED=4. 3 %20% PED=0. cxxv ? When the price increased $0. 25 to $1. 50, an increase of 20%, the quantity demanded declined 4. 3%, the price elasticity of demand for subway rides is 0. 125. The elasticity is less than 1, so that the quantity demanded moves proportionately less than the price, demand is said to be inelastic. ii. Since the demand can be considered as the inelastic, the riders are less sensitive to the far e rises and there would likely because of no substitute way for riders in short period.Hence, the Transit Authoritys revenue increases as the fare rises. iii. From the estimation, the demand for subway rides is inelastic in short run. The estimation might be fallible because of the data gathered is only first month after the fare rises. After a weeklong period, the riders may choose not to use subway and find another way of transportation which is more economical to them. The switch of riders to substitute way of transportation means the quantity demanded for subway decreases. So, when the fare rises, the quantity demanded declines gradually, the price elasticity of demand would be higher and more elastic. . As a clever entrepreneur, it is of the essence(predicate) to measure how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to changes in consumers income. During the prosperity periods, the consumers income is higher, they would demand for normal goods and less demand for inferi or goods. In periods of printing, the consumers income decreases leads to an increase of quantity demanded for inferior goods because their acquire power is low. If the entrepreneur understands that inferior goods have negative income elasticity (Mankiw, 2007), he would probably switch his business to sell inferior goods.For example, a used-car seller who might sell branded luxury cars during prosperity periods. However, during depression periods, he might switch to sell low-cost cars in order to sustain his business. In conclusion, the direction is valid. Question 3 a. Diminishing returns to a single factor are observable in all doing processes at some level of inputs. The law of diminishing marginal productivity is defined as the marginal product of an input is the additional output generated by employing one more unit of the input, all other inputs held fixed.The extra output, or returns, to the single input diminish because all other inputs are held fixed. unrivaled of the factors is capital. For example, as the stock of capital rises, the extra output shitd from an additional of capital falls (Mankiw, 2007). Returns to scale are different from the returns to a single factor. Returns to scale are proportional increases in all inputs. While to each one factor in production process generates diminishing returns, the output may more than double, less than double, or exactly double when all the inputs are doubled.The distinction again is that with returns to scale, all inputs are increased in the same proportion and no input is held fixed. b. In filling a vacant position, we should be refer with the marginal product of the last worker hired because the marginal product measures the effect on output, or total product, of hiring another worker. It helps us to determine the revenue generated by hiring another worker and compared it to the cost of hiring another worker. This comparison shows that whether the hiring would help to increase the production.The point at which the intermediate product begins to decline is the point where fairish product is equal to marginal product. Although adding more workers results in a further decline in average product, total product continues to increase, so it may still be advantageous to hire another worker. When average product declines, the marginal product of the last worker hired is lower than the average product of previously hired workers. c. The isoquant identifies all the combinations of the two inputs which can produce the same level of output. The curvature of the isoquant is measured by the slope of the isoquant at any given point.The slope of the isoquant measures the rate at which the two inputs can be exchanged and still keep output constant, and this rate is called the marginal rate of technical substitution. Along the classifiable bowed-in or convex isoquant, the marginal rate of technical substitution diminishes as you move down on the isoquant. SECTION B Question 4 a. To fin d the equilibrium price and quantity, Qd=Qs 100-5P=5P 10P=100 P=10 When P = 10, Q=5P Q=510 Q=5 ? equilibrium price is $10, equilibrium quantity is 50 units Price of Negext, $ Market Equilibrium Quantity of Negext, Units 50 0 10 Supply Demand 20Consumer unnecessary maker lavishness interpret 2 The Negext Market Supply and Demand Consumer Surplus=12 ? $10 ? 50 =$ 250 Producer Surplus=12? $10 ? 50 =$ 250 full Surplus=Consumer Surplus+Producer Surplus Total Surplus=$250+$250 =$ 500 ? The consumer surplus is $250, the producer surplus is $250 and total surplus is $500. b. When 50 units of Negext are produced, Total represent of Pollution=50 ? 4 ? $1 =$ 200 The sellers would impose $4 for each units of Negext, so the price for Negext is $14. Total Surplus=$ 500-$200 =$ 300 ? The total surplus after taking into account the cost of pollution, it reduces to $ 300. . We can use total surplus to measure the welfare of buyers and sellers in Negext market. If the society banning Negext, n o demand from buyers, Negext will run out of business, the society is not in economic well- being. Both buyers and sellers do not enjoy any welfare from banning. When the total surplus is zero(a), the total market welfare is zero as well. d. Under the government restriction, the market only can produce 25 units of Negext. (100 units of pollution ? 4 units of pollution are divulgeted each Negext is produced= 25 units of Negext can be produced) Qs=25 units 00-5 P=25 P=$ 15 ? The new market equilibrium when the quantity 25 units and price is $ 15. Since the minimum cost to produce one unit of Negext is $5 (assuming the cost of production per Negext is $1 and cost of pollution is $4), so the supply of Negext decreases to zero when the price falls below $5. Graph 3 shows the Negext market after the restriction. This restriction limits the production to 25units and the price rises to $15. The consumer surplus decreases to $62. 50, producer surplus is $312. 50, and pollution cost is $100 . The total surplus falls $275.In short, this form _or_ system of government is not recommended because it reduces the total market welfare. Graph 3 The Negext Market Supply and Demand after the government restriction. Price of Negext, $ New Market Equilibrium Quantity of Negext, Units 0 Supply Demand 20 Producer Surplus 15 Consumer Surplus 25 5 Consumer Surplus=12? $5? 25 =$ 62. 50 Producer Surplus=12? ($10+$15)? 25 =$312. 50 Total Cost of Pollution=25 units Negext? 4 units pollution ? $1 =$ 100 Total Surplus=$ 62. 50+$312. 50-$100 =$275 e. The consumers and producers should bear the $2 tax respectively. Inverse Demand P=18-15QInverse Supply P=-2+15Q NEW Qd=90-5P NEW Qs=-10+5P Qd=Qs 90-5P=-10+5P P=10 Q=90-5(10) Q=40 units Refer to Graph 4, the market is in equilibrium when price is $10 and quantity, 40 units. However, the positive price paid by the consumers is $12 and the producers receiving price of $8. The tax revenue is $160. The consumer surplus is $160, producer surplus is $160, and total pollution cost is $160. The total surplus increases to $320. So, this policy is highly recommended because the increases of total market welfare that benefits all the society members.Graph 4 The Neget Market after government imposes tax. Price of Negext, $ Quantity of Negext, Units 40 0 10 Supply Demand 20 12 8 Tax Revenue=$4? 40 =$160 Consumer Surplus=12? $8? 40 =$160 Producer Surplus=12? $8? 40 =$160 Total Cost of Pollution=40? 4? $1 =$100 Total Surplus=$160+$160+$160-$160 =$320 f. When the cost of pollution is higher than $1, the total surplus decreases. The price paid by the consumer increases, the consumer surplus decreases. Then, it would affect the society well-being, especially the welfare of consumer is violated. This leads the consumers banning Negext.Moreover, if the production of Negext emit such high pollution to environment, the society should ban Negext for the safety and health of society. REFERENCES Smith, 2007. Chapter 6 answers (Online) Available From http//www. coloradocollege. edu/Dept/EC/Faculty/Smith/EC2070102/chap_06answers. htm (Accessed 16 July 2011) Wmich. Edu. 2010. Assignments In Class (Online) Available From http//homepages. wmich. edu/u5nwaogu/In%20Class%20Assignments/Inclass_3. pdf (Accessed 16 July 2011) Mankiw, N. Gregory. (2007). Principles of Economics, 4th Edition. ground forces Thomson South Western. pp97-99, 559-562

64th Republic Day of India

Introduction 64th democracy twenty- quaternity hour period of India January 26, 2013 Republic daylight, far-famed on January 26th every year, is atomic number 53 of Indias most expose footst all(prenominal)ing topic events. It was on January 26th, 1950 that the constitution of India came into force and India became a truly cr makeed head, Democratic and Republic state. On this twenty-four hours India fin everyy enjoyed the liberty of spirit, rule of law and fundamental principle of goernance. The patriotic fervor of the Indian large number on this day brings the consentaneous surface atomic number 18a together even in her embedded diversity. Republic twenty-four hour period is a good deals day in a variety of waysIts when regional identity takes a backseat and what matters most is the universal appeal of unity and br separatehood projected by alone Indians. The Indian constitution basically stands for the aspirations which the common man of India cherishes. Republic daylight is a day of the citizen of the country when he is entitled to be all supreme. Republic Day is celebrated most majestically in the capital, New Delhi, where symbols of the gravid nations military might and cultural wealth are displayed in what is the worlds most gallant demo. All Government buildings are illuminated l terminaling the city the atmosphere of a fairyland.This day is celebrated with much zeal and pride all across the nation. Republic Day Signifi burnce India gained emancipation on August 15, 1947. just till January 26, 1950, it did not put up the proper law of the land for ruling the country. On 26th January, 1950 the constitution of India came into force and India became a nation state with sovereignty and republic sense. Our constitution was organise by the Indian Constituent Assembly. The Indian Constituent Assembly met on December 9, 1946. The Assembly positive a number of committees to report on the miscellaneous aspects of the proposed constitut ion.The Constituent Assembly had appointed Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the hot seat to draft the Constitution. The committee finalized the draft with 395 Articles and eight Schedules and was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949. The Indian Republic officially came into being on January 26, 1950. January 26 was not some random date picked out of the calendar. It was on this date in 1927, that the Indian theme Congress, because fighting its non-violent war for immunity, voted for complete independence as against Dominion Status.It was the date when members of the Indian depicted object Congress took the pledge to work towards a Sovereign Democratic Republic of India. The Indian Constitution, the longest in the world, now consist of 397 articles and 12 schedules which provides for a single citizenship for the whole of India. It gives the right to vote to all the citizens of 18 long time and above, unless they are disqualified. Fundamental rights are guaranteed to the citizens, equality of trust and so on. The Supreme Court, consisting of the Chief Justice of India and other judges, are the guardian of the Constitution.It stands at the apex of a single integrated judicial system for the whole country. This is where the fundamental rights of the citizens are protected. 26 January 1950 It was on 26 January, 1950 that the constitution of India came into force and India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic. It was on the same day that Dr. Rajendra Prasad took oath as the scratch hot seat of India. Read here the first speech delivered by Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the electric chair of India on 26th January, 1950. It is a great day for our country. India has had a long and chequered history leaves of it were indistinct and parts bright and sunlit.At no period, even during the most glorious eras of which we draw record, was this whole country brought at a lower place one Constitution and one rule. We aim mention of m whatever Republics in our b ooks and our historians set out been able to pee out a more or less connected and co-ordinated piece out of the incidents and the places which are mentioned in these records. But these Republics were small and tiny and their shape and size was perhaps the same as that of the Greek Republics of that period. We have mention of Kings and Princes, some of whom are described as Chakravarty, that is, a monarch whose suzerainty was acknowledged by other Princes.During the British period, while acknowledging the suzerainty of Britain, the Indian Princes continued to carry on the administration of their territories in their own way. It is for the first time today that we have inaugurated a Constitution which extends to the whole of this country and we see the birth of a federal republic having affirms which have no sovereignty of their own and which are really members and parts of one federation and one administration. His Excellency the Ambassador of the Netherlands has been pleased to r efer to the relations and connections of this country with other countries some(prenominal) Eastern and Western.That relationship, so far as this country is concerned, has always been one of friendliness. Our ancestors carried the message of our teachers far and panoptic and established cultural ties which have withstood the ravages of time and still hold out while Empires have crumbled and fallen to pieces. Our ties subsist because they were not of iron and steel or even of gold but of the silken cords of the benevolent spirit, India has had to face, on many occasions, assaults and invasions by foreigners and she has very often succumbed. But, on that point is not a single cause of a military invasion or aggressive war by this country against any other.It is thence in the fitness of things and a culmination of our own cultural traditions that we have been able to win our freedom without bloodshed and in a very peaceful manner. The Father of our Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, was no t a freak of record but the physical embodiment and consummation of the progress of that spirit of non-violence which has been our great heritage. We have been able nether his matchless leadership, not only to regain our lost freedom but excessively to establish and build up the bonds of friendship with those and our thanks are due to them for it against whose policy we have fought and won.Our Constitution is a democratic legal document seeking to ensure to the individual citizens the freedoms which are so invaluable. India has never prescribed or prosecuted opinion and cartel and our philosophy has room as much for a devotee of a personal god, as for an deist or an atheist. We shall, therefore, be only implementing in practice low our Constitution what we have communicable from our traditions, namely, freedom of opinion and expression.Under the new set-up, which we are inaugurating today, we hope to live up to the teachings of our Master and help in our own humble way in t he establishment of peace in the world. Our attitude towards all countries is one of completion friendliness. We have no designs against any one, no ambition to dominate others. Our hope is that others excessively will have no designs against us. We have had bitter experience of aggression by other countries in the past and can only express the hope that it whitethorn not be necessary for us to take any measures even in self-defence.I know the world today is passing through a most shy and anxious period. Two world wars within one generation, with all their devastation and aftermath of suffering and sorrow, have not been able to convince it that a war can never bring about the end of wars. It is, therefore, necessary to seek the end of wars in positive acts of goodness towards all and the world essential lease to utilize all its resources for productive and beneficial purposes and not for destruction.We do venture to think that this country may have a past to play in establishin g this goodwill and atmosphere of confidence and co-operation. We have inherited no old enmities. Our republic enters the world stage, therefore, free from pride and prejudice, humbly believing and striving that in international as well as internal affairs our statesmen may be guided by the teachings of the Father of our Nation tolerance, understanding non-violence and resistance to aggression.It is in much(prenominal) a country and at such a time that it has pleased the representatives of our commonwealth to call me to this high office. You can easily understand my skittishness which arises not only from the tremendousness of the task with which our newly won freedom is confronted but as well from a sense that I succeed in this sphere of activity, though not in office, one who has played such a conspicuous part not only during the period of strife and struggle but also during the period of constructive activity and active administration.You know Sri Chakravarty Rajagopalachar i and have experience of his incisive intellect, great learning, possible wisdom and sweetness of manners. It has been my privilege to have been associated with him for more than 30 years and although we might have had everyday differences of opinion on some vital matters but never have our personal relations suffered by setback and I feel sure that I shall continue to enjoy the benefit of his protective advice in whatever crises I may have to face.My nervousness and anxiety are to no small consequence countered by a consciousness that I shall be the recipient of fullest confidence from our bloom minister of religion, Deputy set curate, the Members of the Ca stack awayet and the Legislature and from the people at large. I shall Endeavour my best to earn and deserve that confidence. allow me also hope that this country will be able to win the confidence of other nations and limit such assistance as it may require in times of need. I have great pleasure in responding to the to ast which has been proposed. Republic Day CelebrationsDate January 26 (Every Year) Venue India Gate Highlights chairpersons Speech, Parade and Caravans (Jhakiyan) of distinguishable states This is one of the most colorful and prestigious national festivals and the presence of dignitaries like the president of India, the blossoming subgenus Pastor of India, Union sees and foreign delegates also add to the dignity of the celebration. Celebration of Republic Day is different than liberty Day. The difference in significance marks the variation in the pattern of celebration of these two national days. It is a peoples day.On Independence Day, the past is recalled whereas, on Republic Day, the pledge is renewed. Independence Day has rhetoric built in the celebration Republic Day is without speeches. Republic Day is celebrated all over the country at all the administrative units like the capital cities, district headquarters, sub divisions, talukas, and panchayats. The major(ip) cere monies are held at Delhi and the state capitals. The celebration mood lasts for one week. It consists of the ground preparations, rehearsals, the main display which spills over to the Beating of swallow on January 29.The day has acquired the status of a social celebration in which people participate whole-heartedly. The celebration mosaic is studded with activities. geegh the Republic Day Parade is the main rewarding, assorted activities are held from early morning when prabhat pheris (morning rounds) followed by a homage to Mahatma Gandhi the Father of Nation. The expose is succeeded by sports events in the afternoon. At Home functions at the Raj Bhavan, at the District Magistrates and at the SDMs are followed by illumination of public buildings at the provincial capitals and administrative headquarters.The celebrations are universal, total and participatory in which children also take part in a big way. Variations in culture are displayed through braw attires and folk danc es. The parades held on the day traditionally predominates a touch of modernity reflected in the display of might, engine room and capabilities of growth in various sectors. The parades symbolizes the might the tableaux reflects the cultural motifs. Rules for irisstone Hoisting in India A flag is a necessity for all nations. Millions have died for it. It is no doubt a kind of idolatry which would be a sin to destroy.For, a flag represents an Ideal The unfurling of the Union Jack evokes in the English breast sentiments whose military posture it is difficult to measure. The Stars and Stripes mean a world to the Americans. The Star and the Crescent will call onward the best intrepidity in Islam. It will be necessary for us Indians Muslims, Christians Jews, Parsis, and all others to whom India is their home-to recognize a common flag to live and to die for. Mahatma Gandhi The Indian Flag is a national symbol and it is prize by every citizen of India. There are certain points to remember while hoisting the Indian Flag. The Indian Flag should be hoisted with the saffron colour on the top. * There should be no flag or emblem either above the guinea pig Flag or on its right. * If there are multiple flags to be hoisted, they must be placed to the left of the Indian Flag. * During the hoisting of the National Flag, all present must stand to give respect and honour its glory. * The flag cannot be intentionally allowed to touch the ground or the bedight or trail in water. It cannot be draped over the hood, top, and sides or back of vehicles, trains, boats or aircraft. * The flag cannot be used for communal gains, drapery, or clothes. The National Flag should be flown from sunrise to sunset, irrespective of the weather. It must be taken out before sunset. Republic Day Parade The main celebrations of Republic Day are held in the form of a colourful parade near India Gate in Delhi. The parade testcasing Indias military might and cultural diversity covers a 8 km route, starting from the Rashtrapati Bhavan through the attractive Rajpath down to India Gate before winding up at the historic Red Fort in Old Delhi. The events of the day begin with the Prime Minister laying a wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti India Gate.He then drives up to the central enclosure and awaits the arrival of the President and a Chief Guest of the occasion who is usually a Head of other Country. On his arrival the Honble President meets the dignitaries present and unfurls the National Flag. Following this the National Anthem is played with a 21-gun salute to the National Flag. After this a truncated investiture watching takes place during which the President presents Indias top gallantry awards, the Param Veer Chakra, the Veer Chakra and the Maha Veer Chakra to the outstanding soldiers from the defense services.After this, four helicopters from the armed forces fly past the parade area showering rose petals on the audience. Each chopper carries a flag the first bei ng the Indian flag and the other three the flags of the Army, the Navy, and the Indian distribute Force. The butt past begins immediately after the fly past. The President, as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, takes the salute of the mechanised, mounted and marching contingents of the Army, Air Force, Navy, Paramilitary forces, Police and the National Cadet Corps.After the march past comes the cultural extravaganza consisting of floats presented by the various states and performances by school children. After the floats, the courageousness awards winning children from all over the country enter on elephants. A spectacular fly-past by Air Force and Naval aircraft rounds off this not-to-be missed experience. The parade is followed by a pageant of spectacular displays from the different states of the country. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that detail state accompany each display.Each display brings out t he diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion. No other country in the world can parade so many ethnically different people in splendid uniforms as Indias Armed Forces. But they are all united in their proven loyalty to the Government elected by the people and in their proud traditions and legendary gallantry. Republic Day Chief Guests Since 1950, India has been inviting head of state or governing of another country as the state lymph gland of honor for Republic Day celebrations and parade in New Delhi.Selecting the Chief guests for the Republic Day has more than mere ceremonial reasons. The choice of chief guest every year is dictated by a number of reasons such as strategic and diplomatic, crinkle interest and international geo-politics. Recently India has been inviting dignitaries from South East Asia with the latest being Thailands first women Prime Minister, Yingluck Shinawatra. sultan of Oman Qaboos bin Said Al Said will be the chief guest for Republic Day Celebrations 2013 Here is the harken of Chief Guests invited as the Guest of Honor for the Republic Day ceremony held in Delhi. 950 President Sukarno from Indonesia 1954 King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck of Bhutan 1955 Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad of Pakistan 1958 Marshall Ye Jianying of Peoples Republic of China 1960 President Kliment Voroshilov of Soviet Union 1961 Queen Elizabeth II from United Kingdom 1963 King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia 1965 Food and Agriculture Minister Rana Abdul Hamid of Pakistan 1968 Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin of Soviet Union President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia 1969 Prime Minister of Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov of Bulgaria 1971 President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania 972 Prime Minister Seewoosagur cramgoolam of Mauritius 1973 President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire 1974 President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia 1975 President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia 1976 Prime Minister Jacques Chirac of France 1977 First Secretary Edward Gierek of Poland 1978 President Patrick Hillery of Ireland 1979 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser of Australia 1980 President Valery Giscard dEstaing of France 1981 President Jose Lopez Portillo of Mexico 1982 King Juan Carlos I of Spain 1983 President Shehu Shagari of Nigeria 1984 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan 985 President Raul Alfonsin of Argentina 1986 Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou of Greece 1987 President Alan Garcia of Peru 1988 President Junius Jayewardene of Sri Lanka 1989 General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh of Vietnam 1990 Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth of Mauritius 1991 President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom of Maldives 1992 President Mario Soares of Portugal 1993 Prime Minister John Major of United Kingdom 1994 Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong of Singapore 1995 President Nelson Mandela of South Africa 1996 President Dr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso of Brazil 997 Prime Minister Basdeo Panday of Trinidad and Tobago 1998 President Jacques Chirac of France 1999 King Birendra B ir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal 2000 President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria 2001 President Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria 2002 President Cassam Uteem of Mauritius 2003 President Mohammed Khatami of Iran 2004 President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil 2005 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan 2006 King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud of Saudi Arabia 2007 President Vladimir Putin of Russia 2008 President Nicolas Sarkozy of France 009 President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan 2010 President Lee Myung Bak of Republic of Korea 2011 P resident Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia 2012 Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra of Thailand 2013 Sultan of Oman Qaboos bin Said Al Said Republic Day Awards The national awards for gory or the National courage Awards was started in 1957 by the Indian Council for Child Welfare (ICCW) to recognize and honor children who have performed outstanding deeds of bravery and selfless sacrifice. Every year the ICCW confers these awards to children below 16 y ears of age.The awards are announced on November 14 (Childrens Day) and the Prime Minister presents the awards on the eve of Republic Day. The awardees determine a medal, certificate and cash as a token of their indispensable courage. These children also take part in the Republic Day Parade atop an elephant. In addition to this, some of them are also granted financial assistance to complete their schooling and professional courses such as medical and technology (under the Indira Gandhi scholarship scheme). Assistance is also provided to some till they complete their graduation.The Central and State government departments, Panchayats, Zila Parishads, State and Union Territory councils for Child Welfare and also the school authorities have the responsibility of acknowledging the applications for the bravery award. The selection is made by a committee constituted by the ICCW, comprising of representatives from the Secretariats of the President and the Vice-President, various ministri es, as well as the Central Social Welfare Board, police, All India Radio, Doordarshan and leading NGOs such as the National Bal Bhavan, SOS, Childrens Villages of India, R K Mission and experienced ICCW members.In 1978, the Indian Council for Child Welfare instituted two bravery awards for children under the age of 16, the Sanjay Chopra Award and the Geeta Chopra Award, given each year along with the National Bravery Award. Bravery Awards 2013 The list of Bravery Award winners for the year 2013 was announced by the ICCW on January 18th, 2013. The award is to be conferred to 22 brave children from all parts of the country, the youngest recipient being 7-year-old Koroungamba Kuman from Manipur.The coveted Bharat Award will be awarded to Tarang Atulbhai Mistry from Gujarat and 11-year-old Gajendra Ram from Chhattisgarh is being felicitated with Sanjay Chopra award. NameAwardState Renu Geeta Chopra AwardDelhi Gajendra Ram Sanjay Chopra AwardChhattisgarh Tarang Atulbhai MistryBharat Awar dGujarat Vijay Kumar SainikBapu Gaidhani AwardUttar Pradesh Akanksha GauteBapu Gaidhani AwardChhattisgarh Hali Raghunath BarafBapu Gaidhani AwardMaharashtra RamdintharaNational Bravery AwardsMizoram Devansh TiwariNational Bravery AwardsChhattisgarh Mukesh NishadNational Bravery AwardsChhattisgarhLalrinhluaNational Bravery AwardsMizoram E. SuganthanNational Bravery AwardsTamil Nadu Ramith. K,National Bravery AwardsKerala Mebin CyriacNational Bravery AwardsKerala Vishnu M. V. National Bravery AwardsKerala Koroungamba KumanNational Bravery AwardsManipur Sameep Anil PanditNational Bravery AwardsMaharashtra Viswendra LohknaNational Bravery AwardsUttar Pradesh Satendra LohkanaNational Bravery AwardsUttar Pradesh Pawan Kumar KanaujiyaNational Bravery AwardsUttar Pradesh Stripleaseman MylliemNational Bravery AwardsMeghalaya Sapna Kumari MeenaNational Bravery AwardsRajasthan Suhail K. M.National Bravery AwardsKarnataka Gallantry Awards Soldiers, who have performed outstanding deeds of braver y and selfless sacrifice, are awarded the bravery medals, Param Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra. Each defense service in India have there own set of gallantry awards that are awarded to the soldiers who have shown courage and valor. Beating Retreat After three days of Republic Day parade, a moving ceremony known as Beating Retreat is held at the Vijay Chowk in New Delhi. This ceremony revives an ancient war custom jibe to which troops used to stop fighting at sunset.Bugles announcing the sunset would sound in the battlefield. As short as soldiers heard these bugles they would stand still in the battlefield and war would be stopped for the day. This ceremony held on the 29th of January every year, marks the formal end of the Republic Day celebrations. The ceremony opens with a parade by selected contingents of the armed forces set to scintillating performances by the various armed forces bands. The parade climaxes with all the bands playing in unison. As the bands fall s ilent, a lone trumpeter picks up the moving telephone line Siki a mole.After this performance the hymn Abide with me is played by the Massed Bands. This hymn, said to be Mahatma Gandhis favourite, is a immutable feature of the ceremony. At exactly 6 pm, the buglers sound the retreat and the National Flag is lowered to the National Anthem bringing the Republic Day celebrations to a formal end. One by one, the camels and the riders who stand stone-like passim against the backdrop of the sky, move away from the background. Just after this comes the most visually appealing part of the show. With the mark off of a button, a thousand bulbs light up the Rashtrapati Bhavan and adjoining buildings.Surely a fitting end to the yearbook celebrations of the Indian republic National Anthem of India The National Anthem of India is Jana Gana Mana which was written and composed by Nobel honorable Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on December 27, 1911. It was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on January 24, 1950. THE NATIONAL anthem OF INDIA Jana gana mana adhinayaka jaya he Bharata bhagya vidhata Punjaba Sind Gujarata Maratha Dravida Utkala Banga Vindhya Himachala Yamuna Ganga Ucchala jaladhi tarangaTava subha name jage Tava subha asisa mage Gahe tava jaya gatha Jana gana mangala dayaka jaya he Bharata bhagya vidhata Jaya he jaya he jaya he Jaya jaya jaya jaya he Translation into English Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people, Dispenser of Indias destiny. Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sind, Gujarat and Maratha, Of the Dravida and Orissa and Bengal It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas, mingles in the music of Jamuna and Ganges and is sing by the waves of the Indian Sea. They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise. The saving of all people waits in thy hand,Thou dispenser of Indias destiny. Victory, victory, victory, Victory to thee . premise to the Constitution of India Just as every book we read comes with a warm-up, which gives us a brief outline and the central theme of that book, so is the case with the preamble of Indian Constitution. The Preamble being the preface of the constitution lays down the basic makeup of the Constitution. The Indian Preamble highlights the type of society and government it wishes India and Indians to have. For this, it has act to incorporate the objectives of the Constitution in a nutshell.The Preamble of the constitution has used the noblest words which symbolize the highest principles and set of human creativity and experience. World over, the Preamble of the Indian Constitution is regarded highly for its originality in wholeness of approaching in dealing with so many subjects. The Indian preamble wishes India to be a country where there should be no high class and low class of citizens an India in which all communities will co-exist in perfect harmony. Interestingly, the Indian Constitution is the longest of all the constitutions by any other nation.PREAMBLE WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, are having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to serious to all its citizens JUSTICE, social, economic and political LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship EQUALITY of status and of opportunity and to win among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation IN OUR character ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemic comparabilitys 1. Complete the pursual sentences, using the words or groups of words in the box below. You may use some words more than once. as small as feasible decrease whits quantities balance different nature rearranging bonds equal never release of a burn out characteristic properties heat new elements rules check increase nuclear signs chemical law of conservation nucleus deposit chemical equivalence of muss physical stoichiometry coefficient mass of products precipitate subscript symbols colour mass of fight backants products alter counting molar mass proportions whole numbers a)There are three types of changes in matter ________________________ changes, chemical changes and ________________________ changes. b)A physical change occurs when the defecate or the ________________________ of a substance is changed. For example, when liquid water is cooled, it becomes ice.Whether water is in liquid form or in the form of ice, the ________________________ that form water remain the alike. The ________________________ of water do not change. c)A ________________________ change alters the ________________________ of a substance. The very nature of the ________________________ is altered they are no longer the same after the change. This transformation involves ________________________ the bonds between the atoms and forming new molecules. d)A ________________________ transformation involves changes that occur in the ________________________ of the atom. The transformation causes the atoms to split and form ________________________. ) Chemical changes occur when the ________________________ between reactants (initial substances) are broken to form new ________________________ (final substances), whose characteristic properties are ________________________. During this process, the quantities of reactants ________________________, and the quantities of products ________________________ . f) We nates recognize that a chemical change has taken place by certain ________________________ the ________________________, the emission or absorption of ________________________, the emission of light, a change in ________________________, and the formation of a ________________________. ) A chemical change, or chemical reaction, can be represented by a ________________________, which shows how the change took place. It is useful to identify the ________________________ of the substances (solid, liquid, gas or aqueous solution) with ________________________ in parentheses to the right of the substance. h) The scientist Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier made this famous statement that explains the________________________ Nothing is lost goose egg is created everthing is ________________________. This means that the ________________________ before the chemical reaction is equal to the ________________________ after the reaction. ) To follow the law of conservation of mass, we ess ential ________________________ chemical equations by ________________________ the number of atoms of each element on the reactants side and on the products side of the equation. The take into account ________________________ moldiness(prenominal) be placed in front of each substance so that the number of atoms on each side of the equation is ________________________. j) Certain ________________________ must be followed when balancing a chemical equation. The coefficients must be ________________________, and they must be ________________________. New substances must ________________________ be added, nor existing substances removed.Subscripts in chemical rulers must ________________________ be changed. Finally, we must ________________________ the equation by comparing the number of atoms of each element on all side. k) When a chemical equation is properly balanced, we can find the ________________________ of reactants needed for a reaction and send for the resulting quantitie s of products. ________________________ is the study of these proportions. It is essential to maintain the ________________________ of the substances throughout the reaction. We can use ________________________ to convert moles into grams. 2. What kind of change is set forth by each of the following examples? a) a worn tire b) limewater that turns white c) a bracelet that tarnishes d) the fission of a uranium nucleus e) rusting iron f) mercury that expands in hot weather g) the uniting of the nuclei of several atoms h) food being transformed into energy i) salt dissolving in water j) celestial longitude emitting radiation 3.For each of the following examples, name at least one sign that a chemical change is occurring. a) A match burns. b) A yellow substance appears when NaI is change integrity with Pb(NO3)2. c) Bubbles form when chalk is mixed with hydrochloric acid. d) A bright light appears when a piece of magnesium is burned. 4. Write a chemical formula to represent the following situation. Aluminum oxide (AlO), commonly called alumina, is formed by the reaction between aluminum (Al) and atomic number 8 (O2). Balance the equation. 5. Balance each of the following chemical equations by indicating the number of atoms in each molecule involved in the reaction. a) C(s)+ H2(g) + O2(g) ( CH3OH(g) b)Al(s) + O2 (g) ( Al2O3(s) c)C(s) + Cl2(g) + H2(g) ( CHCl3(g) 6.The decomposition of 10 g of copper oxide is represented by the following equation 2 CuO(s) ( 2 Cu(s) + O2(g) If you obtain 8 g of copper, what amount of oxygen was released? Explain your answer. 7. Calculate the mass and the number of moles of silver produced if you make 10mol of zinc react with sufficient silver nitrate. (The equation is not balanced. Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) ( Ag(s) + Zn(NO3)2 8. What mass of glucose will be formed if you make 32mol of hydrochloric acid react with sufficient carbon? (The equation is not balanced. ) HCl(l) + C(s) ( C10H16(aq) + Cl2(g) 9. Given the reaction for the synthesis of ammonia N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ( 2 NH3(g) How many moles of hydrogen are needed to produce 50g of ammonia? 10. Given the following equation 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) ( 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) How many moles of hydrogen will be produced by the assoil reaction of 75g of sodium? Support activities Second Year of Secondary Cycle both EST student BOOK Chapter 4, pages 108113 Related Handout Concept review 15 ACTIVITY 15 EST EST EST EST EST ERPI facsimile and adaptation permitted solely for classroom use with Observatory. Observatory / Guide 11129-B

Statistical Estimation of Healthy Life Expectancy Research Paper

Statistical Estimation of Healthy Life Expectancy - explore Paper ExampleModel selection was performed using the softw ar Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) discrepancy 11.01. Values for Mallows Cp were computed manually based on values derived from the computerized models. Scatter plot of the models are, however, performed in Microsoft Excel (2003) for more than than presentable rendition.To facilitate estimation of the most significant predictors of healthy life forethought (HALE), one-variable linear regress was performed on each of the 22 predictor variables. To assist in the refinement of the offset multi-variable model, a sprinkling plot of p vs. Mallows Cp is shown in dactyl 1.It may be gleaned from the scatter plot in Figure 1 that four predictor variables X2, X9, X20, and X22 are outliers, while the rest of the other predictor variables were concentrated in the area on the plot encircle in red.The predictors were divided into three blocks (1) block 1 variables incorporate of those delusive from the results of the one-variable reverse models which can most significantly predict HALE (2) block 2 variables were those assumed to be reduce predictors of HALE and (3) block 3 variables were those assumed to be least significant predictors of HALE.Criteria utilise in separate the results of... Model selection was performed using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) indication 11.01. Values for Mallows Cp were computed manually based on values derived from the computerized models. Scatter plot of the models are, however, performed in Microsoft Excel (2003) for more presentable rendition.Preliminary AnalysisTo facilitate estimation of the most significant predictors of healthy life expectancy (HALE), one-variable linear regression was performed on each of the 22 predictor variables. To assist in the refinement of the first multi-variable model, a scatter plot of p vs. Mallows Cp is shown in Figure 1.Fig ure 1. Scatter plot of p vs Mallows CpIt may be gleaned from the scatter plot in Figure 1 that four predictor variables X2, X9, X20, and X22 are outliers, while the rest of the other predictor variables were concentrated in the area on the plot encircled in red. Modeling and Analysis The predictors were divided into three blocks (1) block 1 variables consist of those assumed from the results of the one-variable regression models which can most significantly predict HALE (2) block 2 variables were those assumed to be moderate predictors of HALE and (3) block 3 variables were those assumed to be least significant predictors of HALE.Criteria used in grouping the results of the one-variable regression models were (1) computed values of Mallows Cp which most closely approached the value of p (2) coefficient of determination (R2), delimited to those capable of predicting the segmentation in HALE by at least 50% (R = 0.500) (3) highly correlated, based on the Pearson correlation coeffic ient (0.70 r 1.00) and (4) values of the sum of squares of the residuals are to be less